Papers
Jones, C., Bergen, B., & Trott, S. (To appear). Do Multimodal Large Language Models and Humans Ground Language Similarly?. Computational Linguistics.
Chang, T, Tu, Z. & Bergen, B. (To appear). Characterizing Learning Curves During Language Model Pre-Training: Learning, Forgetting, and Stability. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL).
Michaelov, J., Arnett, C., & Bergen, B. (2024) Revenge of the Fallen? Recurrent Models Match Transformers at Predicting Human Language Comprehension Metrics. Conference on Language Modeling (COLM).
Jones, C., Trott, S., & Bergen, B. (2024). Does reading words help you to read minds? A comparison of humans and LLMs at a recursive mindreading task. Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Jones, C., Bergen, B., and Trott, S. (2024). Comparing Humans and Large Language Models on an Experimental Protocol Inventory for Theory of Mind Evaluation (EPITOME). Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL).
Jones, C. & Bergen, B. (2024). Does GPT-4 Pass the Turing Test? In Proceedings of the 2024 conference of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL).
Chang, T. & B. Bergen (2024). Language Model Behavior: A Comprehensive Survey. Computational Linguistics 50(1): 293–350.
Jones, C. & Bergen, B. (2024). Does word knowledge account for the effect of world knowledge on pronoun interpretation? Language and Cognition
Arnett, C., Chang, T., & Bergen, B. (2024). A Bit of a Problem: Measurement Disparities in Dataset Sizes Across Languages. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Under-Resourced Languages (SIGUL).
Unger, L. Chang, T., Savic, O., Bergen, B., & Sloutsky, V. (2024) When is a Word in Good Company for Learning?. Developmental Science.
Shah, C., Chandak, Y., Mane, A., Bergen, B. & Chang, T. (2024). Correlations Between Multilingual Language Model Geometry and Crosslingual Transfer Performance. Proceedings of LREC-COLING.
Michaelov, J., Arnett, C., Chang, T., & Bergen, B. (2023). Structural priming demonstrates abstract grammatical representations in multilingual language models. The 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP2023).
Trott, S., Jones, C., Chang, T., Michaelov, J., & Bergen, B. (2023). Do Large Language Models know what humans know? Cognitive Science 47(7): e13309.
Chang, T. & B. Bergen (2023). Language Model Behavior: A Comprehensive Survey. Computational Linguistics.
Michaelov, J. & B. Bergen (2023). Ignoring the alternatives: The N400 is sensitive to stimulus preactivation alone. Cortex.
Michaelov, J. & B. Bergen. (2023). ‘Rarely’ a problem? Language models exhibit inverse scaling in their predictions following ‘few’-type quantifiers. Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
Michaelov, J., S. Coulson, & B. Bergen (2023). Can Peanuts Fall in Love with Distributional Semantics? Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Michaelov, J., Bardolph, M., Van Petten, C., Bergen, B., & S. Coulson. (2023). Strong Prediction: Language model surprisal explains multiple N400 effects. Neurobiology of Language.
Trott, S., & Bergen, B. (2023). Word meaning is both categorical and continuous. Psychological Review.
Trott, S., Bergen, B., & Wittenberg, E. (2022). SCARFS Database: Spontaneous, Controlled Acts of Reference between Friends and Strangers. Language Resources and Evaluation.
Chang, T., Tu, Z., & Bergen, B. (2022). The Geometry of Multilingual Language Model Representations. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).
Schütt, E., Dudschig, C., Bergen, B. & Kaup, B. (2022). Sentence-based mental simulations: Evidence from behavioral experiments using garden-path sentences. Memory and Cognition.
Michaelov, J. & Bergen, B. (2022). Collateral facilitation in humans and language models. Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning.
Michaelov, J. & Bergen, B. (2022). Do language models make human-like predictions about the coreferents of Italian anaphoric zero pronouns? Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics.
Ruytenbeek, N., Bergen, B., & Trott, S. (2022). Prosody and speech act interpretation: The case of French indirect requests. Journal of French Language Studies.
Michaelov, J., Coulson, S., & Bergen, B. (2022). So Cloze yet so Far: N400 Amplitude is Better Predicted by Distributional Information than Human Predictability Judgements. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems.
Jones, C., Chang, T., Coulson, S., Michaelov, J., Trott, T., & Bergen, B. (2022). Distributional Semantics Still Can’t Account for Affordances. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Chang, T. & Bergen, B. (2022). Does Contextual Diversity Hinder Early Word Acquisition? Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Trott, S. & Bergen, B. (2022). Can a pressure against homophones explain phonological neighborhoods? Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Trott, S., & Bergen, B. (2022). Languages Are Efficient, But For Whom? Cognition 225.
Trott, S., Reed, S., Kaliblotzky, D., Ferreira, V., & Bergen, B. (2022). The role of prosody in disambiguating English indirect requests. Language and Speech.
Chang, T. A. & Bergen, B. K. (2021). Word acquisition in neural language models. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
Trott, S. & Bergen, B. (2021). RAW-C: Relatedness of Ambiguous Words in Context (A New Lexical Resource for English). In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
Jones, C. & Bergen, B. (2021). The Role of Physical Inference in Pronoun Resolution. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Michaelov, J., Bardolph, M., Coulson, S. & Bergen, B. (2021). Different kinds of cognitive plausibility: why are transformers better than RNNs at predicting N400 amplitude? In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Morey, R., …, Bergen, B., … Davis, J., … Trott, S., et al. (2021). A Pre-registered, Multi-lab Non-replication of the Action-sentence Compatibility Effect (ACE) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review.
Trott, S. & Bergen, B. (2020). Why do human languages have homophones? Cognition 205(104449).
Trott, S. & Bergen, B. (2020). When do comprehenders mentalize for pragmatic inference? Discourse Processes 57(10), 900-920.
Michaelov, J. & Bergen, B. (2020). How well does surprisal explain N400 amplitude under different experimental conditions? In Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning.
Liebscher, A., Trott, S. & Bergen, B. (2020). Effects of Battle and Journey Metaphors on Charitable Donations for Cancer Patients. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Trott, S., Reed, S., Ferreira, V., & Bergen, B. (2019). Prosodic cues signal the intent of potential indirect requests. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Bergen, B. (2019). Do gestures retain mental associations with their iconic origins, even after they become emblematic? An analysis of the middle-finger gesture among American English speakers. PLOS ONE 14(4): e0215633. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215633
Trott, S. & Bergen, B. (2018). Individual Differences in Mentalizing Capacity Predict Indirect Request Comprehension. Discourse Processes, 1-33.
Hendricks, R., Bergen, B., & Marghetis, T. (2018). Do metaphors move from mind to mouth? Evidence from a new system of linguistic metaphors for time. Cognitive Science 42(8):2950-2975.
Trott, S., Bergen, B. (2017). A theoretical model of indirect request comprehension. AAAI Fall Symposium Series: Artificial Intelligence for Human-Robot Interaction.
Hendricks, R.K., Marghetis, T., & Bergen, B.K. (2017). When metaphors in the mind become metaphors in the mouth: Documenting the emergence of a new system of linguistic metaphors for time. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Nishimi, A., Walker, E., Bergen, B. K., & Marghetis, T. (2017). Listeners integrate speech, gesture, and discourse structure to interpret the temporal structure of complex events. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Walker, Esther, Benjamin Bergen, and Rafael Nunez. (2017). The spatial alignment of time: Differences in alignment of deictic and sequence time along the sagittal and lateral axes. Acta Psychologica 175, 13-20.
Liu, Nian, and Benjamin Bergen. (2016). When do language comprehenders mentally simulate locations? Cognitive Linguistics, 27(2), 181-203.
Gutierrez, E.D., Roger Levy, & Benjamin Bergen. (2016). Finding Non-Arbitrary Form-Meaning Systematicity Using String-Metric Learning for Kernel Regression. Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
Gutierrez, E.D., Ekaterina Shutova, Tyler Marghetis, & Benjamin Bergen. (2016). Literal and Metaphorical Senses in Compositional Distributional Semantic Models. Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
Hendricks, R.K., Walker, E.J., Boroditsky, L., Bergen, B.K. & Núñez, R. (2016). Left-right mental timeline is robust to visuospatial or verbal interference. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Lupyan, Gary & Benjamin Bergen (2015). How language programs the mind. Topics in Cognitive Science.
Marghetis, Tyler and Benjamin Bergen. (2015). Embodied meaning, inside and out: The coupling of gesture and mental simulation. In Cornelia Mueller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill & Sedinha Tessendorf (Eds.), Body-Language-Communication. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2015). Embodiment. In Dabrowska, E., & Divjak, D. (Eds.) Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 10-30.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2015). Embodiment, simulation, and meaning. The Routledge Handbook of Semantics, 142.
Marghetis, Tyler, Luke Eberle, & Benjamin Bergen. (2015). The mental number-line spreads by gestural contagion. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Kim Binsted. (2015). Embodied grammars and linguistic humor. To Appear in Cognitive Linguistics and Humor Research, Geert Brone, Tony Veale, and Kurt Feyaerts (eds.). Mouton de Gruyter.
Sato, Manami, Amy Schafer, & Benjamin Bergen. (2014). Metaphor priming in sentence production: Concrete pictures affect abstract language production. Acta Psychologica.
Walker, Esther, Benjamin Stillerman, John Iversen, Aniruddh Patel, and Benjamin Bergen. (2014). Does beat perception rely on the covert use of the motor system? Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Paul Bello, Marco Guarini, Marjorie McShane, and Brian Scassellati (Eds): 3061-3066.
Walker, Esther, Benjamin Bergen, & Rafael Núñez. (2014). Disentangling Spatial Metaphors for Time Using Non-spatial Responses and Auditory Stimuli. Metaphor and Symbol 29(4): 316-327.
Troyer, Melissa, Lauren B. Curley, Luke Edward Miller, Ayse Pinar Saygin, & Benjamin Bergen. (2014). Action verbs are processed differently in metaphorical and literal sentences depending on the semantic match of visual primes. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
Marghetis, Tyler, Rafael Núñez, and Benjamin Bergen. (2014). Doing arithmetic by hand: Hand movements during exact arithmetic reveal systematic, dynamic spatial processing. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.
Sato, Manami, Amy Schafer, and Benjamin Bergen. (2013). One word at a time: Mental representations of object shape change incrementally during sentence processing. Language and Cognition 5 (4): 345-373.
Marghetis, Tyler, Jasmeen Kanwal, and Benjamin Bergen. (2013). Placing Numbers in Behavioral Space: Activity-Specific Interactions between Number and Space with a Single Response Button Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.
Liu, Nian & Benjamin Bergen. (2013). When Tuesday comes before Threesday: Cross-linguistic differences in numerical transparency of time words predicts temporal reasoning strategy and performance. In M. Knauff, M., Pauen, N., Sebanz, & I. Wachsmuth (Eds.) Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 924-929). Austin TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Sato, Manami and Benjamin Bergen. (2013). The case of the missing pronouns: Does mentally simulated perspective play a functional role in the comprehension of person?. Cognition 127(3):361-74.
Bergen, Benjamin and Nancy Chang. (2013). Embodied Construction Grammar. Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar, Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale (Eds.). Oxford University Press.
Bergen, Benjamin, Nathan Medeiros-Ward, Kathryn Wheeler, Frank Drews, & David Strayer. (2013). The crosstalk hypothesis: Why language interferes with driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142(1): 119-130.
Parrill, Fey, Bergen, Benjamin, and Patricia Lichtenstein. (2013). Grammatical aspect, gesture, and conceptualization: Using co-speech gesture to reveal event representations. Cognitive Linguistics 24(1): 135-158.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Ting Ting Chan Lau. (2012). Writing direction affects how people map space onto time. Frontiers in Cultural Psychology 3:109.
Winter, Bodo and Benjamin Bergen. (2012). Language comprehenders represent object distance both visually and auditorily. Language and Cognition, 4:1, 1-16.
Sato, Manami, Hiromu Sakai, Jennifer Wu, and Benjamin Bergen. (2012). Towards a Cognitive Science of Literary Style: Perspective-Taking in Processing Omniscient versus Objective Voice. Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Marghetis, T., Walker, E., Bergen, B., & Nunez, R. (2011). Making SNAP judgments: Rethinking the spatial representation of number. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1781-1786). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Parrill, F., Bergen, B., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011). Grammatical aspect in language production: Using gesture to reveal event representations. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Bergen, Benjamin, Avis Lau, Shweta Narayan, Diana Stojanovic, and Kathryn Wheeler. (2010). Body part representations in verbal semantics. Memory and Cognition 38(7):969-981.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Kathryn Wheeler. (2010). Grammatical aspect and mental simulation. Brain & Language 112:150-158.
Dennison, Heeyeon and Benjamin Bergen. (2010). Language-driven motor simulation is sensitive to social context. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Wheeler, Kathryn, and Benjamin Bergen. (2010). Meaning in the palm of your hand. In Sally Rice and John Newman (eds.) Empirical and Experimental Methods in Conceptual structure, Discourse, and Language. Stanford: CSLI.
Kaplan, Frederic, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, and Benjamin Bergen. (2008). Computational Models in the Debate over Language Learnability. Infant and Child Development 17:55-80.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Jerome Feldman. (2008). Embodied concept learning. In Paco Calvo and Toni Gomila (eds.) Handbook of Cognitive Science. Elsevier.
Bergen, Benjamin, Shane Lindsay, Teenie Matlock, and Srini Narayanan. (2007). Spatial and linguistic aspects of visual imagery in sentence comprehension. Cognitive Science 31: 733-764.
Tseng, Meylysa, Yiran Hu, Wen-Wei Han, and Benjamin Bergen. (2007). “Searching for happiness” or “Full of joy”? Source domain activation matters. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2007). Experimental methods for simulation semantics. In Monica Gonzalez-Marquez, Irene Mittelberg, Seana Coulson, and Michael J. Spivey (eds.) Methods in Cognitive Linguistics: Ithaca.
de Beule, Joachim, and Benjamin Bergen. (2006). On the Emergence of Compositionality. Proceedings of the 6th evolution of language conference.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Seana Coulson. (2006). Frame-Shifting Humor in Simulation-Based Language Understanding. IEEE Intelligent Systems.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2005). Mental simulation in literal and figurative language. In Seana Coulson and Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk (eds.) The iteral and nonliteral in language and thought.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2005). Mental Simulation in Spatial Language Processing. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Bergen, Benjamin and Kathryn Wheeler. (2005). Sentence Understanding Engages Motor Processes. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Nancy Chang. (2005). Embodied Construction Grammar in Simulation-Based Language Understanding. In Jan-Ola Östman and Miriam Fried (Eds.), Construction Grammars: Cognitive grounding and theoretical extensions.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Madelaine Plauché. (2005). The convergent evolution of radial constructions: French and English deictics and existentials. Cognitive Lingusitics 16(1): 1-42.
Tseng, Meylysa and Benjamin Bergen. (2005). Lexical Processing Drives Motor Simulation. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Chan, Ting Ting, and Benjamin Bergen. (2005). Writing Direction Influences Spatial Cognition. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Narayan, Shweta, Benjamin Bergen, and Zachary Weinberg. (2004). Embodied Verbal Semantics: Evidence from a Lexical Matching Task. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society.
Bergen, Benjamin, Nancy Chang, and Shweta Narayan. (2004). Simulated Action in an Embodied Construction Grammar. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2004). The psychological reality of phonaesthemes. Language, 80(2).
Bergen, Benjamin, and Kim Binsted. (2004). To awaken a sleeping giant: Blending and metaphor in editorial cartoons after September 11. In Michel Achard and Suzanne Kemmer (Eds.) Language, Culture, and Mind. CSLI.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2004). The cognitive linguistics of scalar humor. In Michel Achard and Suzanne Kemmer (Eds.) Language, Culture, and Mind. CSLI.
Bergen, Benjamin, Shweta Narayan, and Jerome Feldman. (2003). Embodied verbal semantics: evidence from an image-verb matching task. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society
Bergen, Benjamin. (2001). Of sound, mind, and body: neural explanations for non-categorical phonology. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Linguistics, U.C. Berkeley. (Advisor: George Lakoff)
Bergen, Benjamin. (2001). Nativization processes in L1 Esperanto. Journal of Child Language. 28(3): 575-595.
Bergen, Benjamin, and Madelaine Plauché. (2001). Voilà voilà: Extensions of deictic constructions in French. In Alan Cienki, Barbara Luka, and Michael Smith (Eds.), Conceptual and Discourse Factors in Linguistic Structure. CSLI.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2000). Probability in phonological generalizations: Modeling optional French final consonants. In Alan Yu et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
Bergen, Benjamin. (2000). Ramifications of phonology-syntax interactions for phonological models. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquim, 27-36.
Plauché, Madelaine and Benjamin Bergen. (1999). Markedness and the Evolution of Binary Spatial Deictics: French voilà and voici. In Steve Chang et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.